How to cope with everyday letters, application fo... more

How to cope with everyday letters, application forms, sick notes, invitations and replies, classified ads, minutes, and moreThis book is aimed at anyone who sometimes needs help with everyday writing situations. Whether its an absence from school, CV or letter of resignation, here youll find out how to write and set out your documents.There is also welcome advice on how to write agendas, minutes of meetings, press releases, letters of sympathy, apology, congratulations and thanks. Clear, straightforward explanations, sections on common errors and how to avoid them, punctuation, vocabulary and spelling advice, as well as a list of 300 commonly misspelt words will ensure everything you write gets you the result you want.... less

This book not only provides an in-depth analysis ... more

This book not only provides an in-depth analysis of recent case law and academic literature, but also sheds light on the background to the standard formulations so widely used in the provision on the substantive scope of today's tax treaties. The source documents used have rarely found their way into publications before: historical OEEC and OECD Reports and Minutes, originally largely classified as "restricted" and thus inaccessible to the public for decades, provide an insight into the drafting process of Art. 2 and the discussions of Delegates from various nations on practical implications for treaty application. The book offers a unique perspective on this core treaty provision and aims to provide guidance for determining the "taxes covered" in any tax treaty.... less

Recent advances in biotechnology, spurred by the ... more

Recent advances in biotechnology, spurred by the Human Genome Project, have resulted in the accumulation of vast amounts of new data. Ontologies computer-readable, precise formulations of concepts (and the relationship among them) in a given field are a critical framework for coping with the exponential growth of valuable biological data generated by high-output technologies. This book introduces the key concepts and applications of ontologies and ontology languages in bioinformatics and will be an essential guide for bioinformaticists, computer scientists, and life science researchers.The three parts of Ontologies for Bioinformatics ask, and answer, three pivotal questions: what ontologies are; how ontologies are used; and what ontologies could be (which focuses on how ontologies could be used for reasoning with uncertainty). The authors first introduce the notion of an ontology, from hierarchically organized ontologies to more general network organizations, and survey the best-known ontologies in biology and medicine. They show how to construct and use ontologies, classifying uses into three categories: querying, viewing, and transforming data to serve diverse purposes. Contrasting deductive, or Boolean, logic with inductive reasoning, they describe the goal of a synthesis that supports both styles of reasoning. They discuss Bayesian networks as a way of expressing uncertainty, describe data fusion, and propose that the World Wide Web can be extended to support reasoning with uncertainty. They call this inductive reasoning web the Bayesian web.... less